1: J BUON. 2002 Apr-Jun;7(2):153-6.
Primary carcinoid of the testis with metastases. Case report and review of the literature.
Pectasides D, Glotsos J, Bountouroglou NG, Dadioti PA, Athanassiou AE.
Department of Medical Oncology-A, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus, Greece.
Primary carcinoid of the testis is an extremely rare neoplasm, making up 0.23% of all testicular neoplasms. The vast majority of the reported cases are primary carcinoids and 20-25% are associated with teratomas. Approximately 10% of these tumors will develop metastases. We present a case of a 50-year-old man with a primary testicular carcinoid who developed lymph node and lung metastases 4 months after left inguinal orchidectomy. Our case was not associated with testicular teratoma or carcinoid syndrome. Vigorous efforts were done postoperatively to exclude the possibility of carcinoid tumor metastatic to the testis. Our patient achieved a mixed response (lung metastases: complete response, lymph node metastases: partial response) with combined therapy that included chemotherapy (cisplatin, etoposide, ifosfamide, epirubicin), octreotide and radiotherapy to the metastatic lymph nodes. He remains well and asymptomatic. We herein review the literature and discuss all the possibilities to explain the origin of carcinoid tumors of the testis.
2: Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2007 Feb;13(2):157-60.
Clinicopathological study of primary carcinoid tumor of the testis
Zhao YC, Shi QL, Zhou XJ, Ma HH, Lu ZF, Zhou HB.
Department of Pathology, Clinical School of Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features and histogenesis of primary testicular carcinoid tumor and its differential diagnosis. METHODS: Light microscopy and immunohistochemical stains were performed in 4 cases of primary testicular carcinoid tumor. RESULTS: The patients sought care for scrotum mass presented from 2 to 36 years, 2 cases accompanied with tender swelling of the testis. The tumors were described as nodular, yellowish-gray in color, 3.0-4.0 cm in the greatest dimensions, and well circumscribed, focal necrosis seen in 1 case. Histologically, they showed insular and trabecular patterns separated by fine fibrous bands. The tumor cells were round or polygonal with regular monomorphic nuclei, stippling chromatin and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. There were rosette-like and tubuloglandular patterns with eosinophilic secretion in the cavity. Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, NSE and cytokeratin showed diffusely positive expression in the tumor cells. CONCLUSION: Primary testicular carcinoid tumor is extremely rare with good prognosis and its histogenesis remains controversial.D iagnostically it has to be differentiated from seminoma, metastatic carcinoidtum or, Sertoli cell tumor and granulosa cell tumor.
3: Int Urol Nephrol. 2006;38(3-4):625-8.
Case report: primary carcinoid tumor of the testicle without metastases in
combination with testicular atrophy and testosterone deficiency.
Wolf M, Wunderlich H, Hindermann W, Gajda M, Schreiber G, Schubert J.
Department of Urology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
The first case of testicular carcinoid was represented as an element of a benign cystic teratoma by Simon et al. J Urol 1954; 72: 892-894. It is a rare disease accounting for less than 1% of all testicular neoplasms. We report a case of carcinoid of the testis without carcinoid syndrome and metastasis but with testosterone deficiency based on a bilateral testicular atrophy, which has not been previously reported.
4: J Pak Med Assoc. 2005 Dec;55(12):561-3.
Primary carcinoid tumour of the testis.
Khan SA, John G, Howell SD.
Department of Urology, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom.
A left radical orchidectomy was performed on a 32-year-old man presenting with a testicular mass. Histology revealed a tumour comprising of cells with monotonous nuclei and granular cytoplasm arranged in an insular pattern. Immunohistochemical expression for NSE, synaptophysin and chromogranin A were positive. No teratomatous elements were seen. Postoperatively, a staging CT and an octreotide scan were normal. Urinary 5-HIAA levels were not elevated. Based on these investigations the tumour was diagnosed as a pure primary carcinoid tumour of the testis. The patient has been followed up for 3 years with no evidence of recurrence.
5: J Clin Pathol. 2005 Dec;58(12):1331-3.
Pure testicular carcinoid associated with intratubular germ cell neoplasia.
Merino J, Zuluaga A, Gutierrez-Tejero F, Del Mar Serrano M, Ciani S, Nogales FF.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, E-18012 Granada, Spain.
This case report describes for the first time a case of pure testicular carcinoid pre-aortic lymph node metastases in a 25 year old patient with carcinoid syndrome. The simultaneous occurrence of intratubular germ cell neoplasia in the surrounding testicular tissue was identified by OCT4 and placental-like alkaline phosphatase positivity. This confirmed that the tumour had a germ cell origin in the testis, rather than being a metastasis from an extragenital carcinoid.
6: Int J Urol. 2005 Mar;12(3):328-31.
Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis with teratoma metastatic to the para-aortic lymph node.
Fujita K, Wada R, Sakurai T, Sashide K, Fujime M.
Division of Urology, Juntendo Izunagaoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
fujita33@air.linkclub.or.jp
A primary testicular carcinoid tumor with teratoma metastasized to the
para-aortic lymph node. After inguinal orchiectomy, serum and urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were found to be elevated. Chemotherapyconsisting of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin was not effective on the metastatic lesions. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy normalized the levels of 5-HIAA. The patient is alive without recurrence 25 months after the retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.
7: Urology. 2005 Jan;65(1):174.
Bilateral asynchronous metastatic carcinoid tumor of the testis.
Blumberg JM, Sedberry S, Kazmi SO.
Department of Urology, George Washington University School of Medicine,
Washington, DC, USA.
Carcinoid tumor of the testis represents only 0.23% of all testicular
malignancies. We report the first case of bilateral asynchronous carcinoid tumor of the testis with a primary site in the small bowel. A 49-year-old man presented with several months of painless enlargement of the left testis. Orchiectomy revealed carcinoid tumor. The patient presented to the emergency room 2 weeks later and was found to have small bowel obstruction due to an ileal mass. The resected mass was the primary source of the carcinoid tumor. Four years later, examination revealed carcinoid tumor in his remaining testis.
8: Med Sci Monit. 2004 Aug;10(8):CS46-8. Epub 2004 Jul 23.
Primary testicular carcinoid.
Hodzic J, Golka K, Schulze H.
Department of Urology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany.
jasmin.hodzic@web.de
BACKGROUND: Testicular tumors in general can be classified as seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and mixed tumors. Nevertheless, other histological types may also be observed. In rare cases, primary or secondary neuroendocrine tumors derived from chromaffine cells can be observed in the testicle. CASE REPORT: A 51-year-old patient was hospitalized on account of a
two-month-old painless tumescence of the right testicle. Radical orchiectomy revealed a solid, inhomogeneous intratesticular tumor 3 cm in diameter. Pathohistological findings and immunohistochemical staining with different neuroendocrine markers revealed a testicular carcinoid classified as pT1. The excretion of 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) was within the normal range. No further carcinoid tumor site was found. CONCLUSIONS: In case of a testicular carcinoid, exclusion of a primary carcinoid tumor site in other organs is mandatory. |
